[100 Challenge] DanJi’s reading note_50

The history of the liberal world that is read by economics
An integrated liberal arts book that encompasses history, literature, current affairs, and characters centered on the economy
Author Oh Hyungkyu
Publishing, publishing, publishing, publishing, etc
Issued on December 22, 2016.

Many modern people worry about obesity today. At the same time, they enjoy eating meat and often overeat. I regret it later, but that's it. This tendency of modern people is deeply related to the long primitive life of hundreds of thousands of years in the past. This is because the fear of hunger for a long time is deeply imprinted on human DNA.
The primitive people scurriedly devoured food when they saw food in front of them, fearing that they might starve starting tomorrow. They preferred meat protein, fat, and sweet glucose, which provide energy for immediate activity. This is why meat and sweetness remain hard temptations even for modern people.
Only decades ago, humans became concerned about obesity, not hunger. Escaping hunger was a top priority for 99.99% of human survival. In the modern era, when people are free from the fear of hunger, some refuse meat upside down. They are vegetarians.
Several stages of vegetarianism have emerged due to author Han Kang's novel The Vegetarian. The most extreme vegetarian is the Proutian. In principle, they only eat fruits and grains that have fallen on the ground, not just meat or plants, because they think they feel pain. Vegan refers to vegans who reject all foods obtained from animals, such as milk, eggs, honey, meat, and fish. Some obo vegans eat eggs and don't eat dairy; lacto veggies eat only dairy and honey; Lacto-vegetarians don't eat meat but eat dairy and animal eggs; polo veggies eat dairy, eggs, fish, and chicken, and semi-vegetarians who don't eat only red meat such as beef and pork among meat.
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Alexandros' expedition to the East, integrating economy and culture
Greek civilization went down a path of collapse after winning the Persian War. This is because commerce and agriculture, the source of prosperity, contracted due to frequent antagonism and wars between the polis. Frequent wars prevented the development of the commercial economy through technological innovation. In the past and now, when the economy deteriorates, demagogues pursuing their own private interests rather than public ones are bound to flourish. Populism and center-right politics, following the popularity of the populace, were promoted by demagogues, shortening the lifespan of Greek civilization. Taking advantage of this chaos, King Philip II of Macedonia, an emerging force in the north, defeated the Allies of Athens and Thebes in 338 BC and monopolized Greece.
Macedonia, like Persia, was a typical military state that expanded its power by exploiting conquered lands. It was a structure in which an army state could not create wealth through commerce and agriculture, so only conquering more land would be a way out for the country. Alexandros, the son of Philip II, went on an expedition to the East at just 20 B.C. Persia was collapsing then, and Egypt was about to escape Persian rule. Alexander conquered Phoenicians and Egypt using the opportunity to overthrow the Persian Empire in 330 BC.
Alexandros had a grander vision and not just a goal of territorial expansion. He dreamed of a great empire that integrated economy and culture. Each political welfare encouraged the use of Greek currency and Greek and attempted inter-ethnic integration by marrying his soldiers to Persian women. Alexandria, a city named after him, was built in more than 70 major political bases and displaced many Greeks. Alexandria, Egypt, is the most famous of its many bases. Alexandros changed the Mediterranean commercial sphere from cross-border trade to intra-imperial trade.
However, the Mediterranean world was plunged into chaos once more as Alexandros died of a fever at the age of 33 after an expedition to India. His empire was divided into Syria, Egypt, and Macedonia before it was established. The Hellenistic period is the 300 years from the time of Alexandros to the 30th century B.C. when Rome conquered the last remaining Egypt. Greece fell during this period, but Greek civilization spread to all parts of the East and had a significant influence. Gandhara art in India was also profoundly influenced by Hellenism. Although he was a conquering monarch, Alexander's most outstanding achievement was the convergence of ancient East and West civilizations.
a line of politics and a repetition of the same language
One of the changes under the theater-type Koizumi cabinet, which can be called its origin, is the character of words. It symbolized the dispatch of the Land Self-Defense Forces to Iraq in January 2004. In public, where this discussion took place, he used the exact language repetition (meaningless repetition of words with the same meaning). Koizumi repeated the actual words regarding the definition of a combat area: "The battle area is the place where the Self-Defense Forces do not dispatch" and "The non-combat area is the place where the Self-Defense Forces dispatch." It was a groundbreaking answer. He repeated the words as if he were spinning a squirrel.
Repetition of the same language should not be used in the political world. For example, there can be no weather forecast, such as "It will rain or not today." This is because there is no information about the weather. However, since Koizumi, repetition of the same language has been used proudly in public.